Tax treatment

Worthless Stock Write-Off

A failed position can become a real tax loss — but only once it's provably worthless, not merely struggling.

What it is

When a startup shuts down or a position becomes genuinely, provably worthless, the loss can generally be claimed as a capital loss — deemed to occur on the last day of the tax year the stock actually became worthless, not whenever you decide to write it off.

Why it matters for a secondary

A real tax silver lining on a failed angel position. Section 1244 can, for qualifying small business stock, let a limited amount of the loss be treated as an ordinary loss (more valuable than a capital loss) rather than capital — a separate, narrower provision from Section 1202/QSBS despite the similar-sounding name, worth checking independently.

Quick facts

Timing
Loss is deemed to occur on the last day of the tax year the stock became worthless
Evidence needed
Documentation the company ceased operations, dissolved, or is otherwise provably valueless — not just a guess
Section 1244 ordinary-loss treatment
A separate, narrower provision from Section 1202 QSBS — confirm your stock and company qualify

Common mistake: Claiming the loss too early, while there's still some residual possibility of value, or too late, after the amended-return window has closed.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need to actually sell the shares to claim the loss?
Not necessarily if they're truly worthless — but the documentation bar for proving worthlessness without a sale is real, and many investors prefer a nominal sale (even for $1) to create a clean, documented transaction.
Does an acquihire count as making my shares worthless?
Not automatically — an acquihire can still leave common shareholders with some or no proceeds depending on the deal structure and the preference stack; confirm the actual outcome for your specific shares before assuming a full write-off applies.
Is this tax or legal advice?
No. This is independent educational content, not investment, tax, or legal advice. Tax law and thresholds change; confirm your specific situation with a qualified advisor before acting on it.